Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of Pinus koraiensis in China

Pinus koraiensis is a well-known precious tree species in East Asia with high economic, ornamental and ecological value. More than fifty percent of the P. forests world are distributed northeast China, region abundant germplasm resources. However, these natural sources danger genetic erosion caused by continuous climate changes, disturbances such as wildfire frequent human activity. Little work has been conducted on population structure differentiation China because lack information. In this study, 480 individuals from 16 populations were sampled genotyped. Fifteen polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple repeat (EST-SSR) markers used to evaluate diversity, koraiensis. Analysis molecular variance (AMOVA) EST-SSR marker data showed that 33% total variation was among 67% within populations. A level diversity found across populations, highest levels HH, ZH, LS TL Moreover, pairwise Fst values revealed significant (mean = 0.177). According results STRUCTURE Neighbor-joining (NJ) analyses principal component analysis (PCA), studied geographical cluster into two clusters: 1 Xiaoxinganling Mountains 2 Changbaishan Mountains. These consistent distributions The provide new information for future genome-wide association studies (GWAS), marker-assisted selection (MAS) genomic (GS) breeding programs can aid development conservation management strategies valuable conifer species.